How to
Emancipation of a minor: the age and the rules in every state
Short answer
In 27 states a law sets the age to ask a court for emancipation: usually 16, 14 in California, 17 in Wyoming. A judge grants it only to teens who already support themselves with legal income, live somewhere safe and keep up with school. You become an adult at 18; 19 in Alabama and Nebraska, 21 in Mississippi.
Date calculator · 51 states
When can you ask a court to emancipate you, and when are you an adult?
Each state read from its statute or court self-help page, or from Social Security's survey of state emancipation laws and the Defense Department's age-of-majority table where a state site could not be reached · checked Oct 22, 2026
Which state do you live in?
Each rule comes from the official source linked in the result. It runs on your device: nothing you type is stored or sent. General information, not legal advice.
Key points
- The age
- Usually 16. California allows a petition at 14, Wyoming at 17, and Texas at 17, or 16 if you already live apart. In Alabama only a minor over 18 qualifies, because adulthood there comes at 19.
- What a judge needs
- Proof that you already support yourself with legal income, live apart safely, manage your money and keep up with school, and that emancipation is in your best interest. Your parents are told about the case.
- What changes
- You can sign contracts and a lease, keep your earnings and consent to your own medical care, and your parents' duty to support you usually ends. You still can't vote before 18 or buy alcohol before 21.
- Not safe at home?
- Emancipation takes weeks or months and is not an emergency exit. If you are in danger, call 911. Childhelp: 1-800-422-4453. National Runaway Safeline: 1-800-786-2929.
Emancipation is a court order, or in some states a marriage or military service, that lets a minor live as an adult before the age of majority. It is not the same as moving out, and it doesn't happen because you turn 16, get a job or have a baby. In 27 states a law sets the age at which you can ask a court, usually 16; in the rest, courts decide it case by case, mostly when a parent asks to stop paying child support. Judges grant it rarely, and only to teens who already support themselves with legal income and have a safe place to live and a plan for school. Several states, among them Vermont, Michigan and Virginia, no longer count a new marriage of a minor in their emancipation laws. Parents who search the same word usually mean something else, the age when child support ends: see Does emancipation end child support?.
Below: the date calculator for your state, a table of all 50 states and DC with each minimum age, the other ways and the age of majority, how to ask a judge step by step with California's forms, a statement-to-the-judge builder, a checklist of what a judge wants to see, what emancipation changes and what it doesn't, whether it ends child support, safer options such as living with a relative or a guardianship, help if you are not safe at home, worked examples and answers to common questions. Part of the Family & divorce guide. This page explains the law; it is not legal advice.
What emancipation is, and what it is not
Emancipation ends your parents' custody and control before you reach the age of majority. California's courts call it a legal way for a 14 to 17-year-old to become free from their parent's custody and control, and in many ways legally like an adult. But only in many ways: an emancipated teen in California still has to go to school, can vote only at 18 and can buy alcohol only at 21. Alaska's courts describe it as receiving the rights and duties of adulthood before the age of 18, and warn that it is a very serious step to take only after talking to a counselor or a lawyer. Courts in Delaware and New Jersey presume a minor is not emancipated before 18, and in Massachusetts and New Hampshire early emancipation is disfavored. California Courts · Alaska Court System · SSA survey
- Moving out is not emancipation. Moving out does not by itself make you emancipated. In a state with an emancipation law it takes a court order, or a marriage or military service where the law counts it. In a state without one, a court decides later from all the facts, usually in a child support case.Cal. Fam. Code § 7002 · Utah Code § 80-7-103 · RSMo § 452.340
- Having a baby does not emancipate you. California's courts are direct: even if you are a parent, if you are under 18 your parents still have the right to custody of you and the responsibility to support you, until you turn 18 or are legally emancipated. A judge may not agree to emancipate a teen parent whose only income is child support or public assistance.California Courts
- Your parents can't simply sign you away. In nearly every state a judge decides, and must find emancipation is in your best interest. A parent's consent helps, and in Florida and Alabama the parent is the one who files. Louisiana is the exception: a parent can grant a limited emancipation by a notarized authentic act to a child of 16 or older.Fla. Stat. § 743.015 · Ala. Code § 26-13-1 · La. Civ. Code art. 368 (SSA survey)
- It is usually permanent, but not always. California's court can cancel an emancipation if you lied to it or can no longer support yourself. North Carolina's decree is irrevocable. In New York and Pennsylvania, where courts decide case by case, a teen can become unemancipated again when circumstances change.California Courts · G.S. 7B-3507 · SSA survey
Three ways to be emancipated: court order, marriage, military
Utah's courts list the three ways a person under 18 can become emancipated: marriage, military order and court order. Which ones count, and from what age, depends on your state. Utah State Courts
- A court order. The usual route. You (in some states a parent) file a petition, and a judge decides after looking at your income, housing, school and maturity. The minimum age is 16 in most states that have a law; 14 in California; 17 in Wyoming; and in Texas 17, or 16 if you already live apart from your parents. See the table.Cal. Fam. Code § 7120 · Wyo. Stat. § 14-1-203 · Tex. Fam. Code § 31.001
- Marriage. In Louisiana a minor of 16 or 17 is fully emancipated by marriage, and New Mexico, South Dakota, Florida, Iowa, Oregon, Utah and West Virginia also treat marriage as emancipating. The route is shrinking: Vermont counts only civil marriages entered before July 1, 2023, Michigan's current law no longer lists marriage, and Virginia removed it in 2024. In Texas a minor can marry only after a court has removed the disabilities of minority. See getting a marriage license.La. Civ. Code art. 367 · 12 V.S.A. § 7151 · MCL 722.4 · Va. Code § 16.1-333 · SSA survey
- Active military duty. California, Georgia, Michigan, New Mexico, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont and Wyoming treat a minor on active duty in the US armed forces (or in military service) as emancipated, and in Connecticut and Virginia it is a ground for the order. Enlisting before 18 takes a parent's permission; Social Security's survey notes the armed forces take recruits from 17 with parental consent.Cal. Fam. Code § 7002 · MCL 722.4 · NMSA § 32A-21-3 · SDCL 25-5-24 · Wyo. Stat. § 14-1-201
Emancipation by state: all 50 states and DC
The minimum age to ask a court, the other ways a minor is emancipated, and the age of majority in every state. Read on October 22, 2026 from each state's statute or court self-help page where we could reach it; from the Social Security Administration's survey of state emancipation laws (the exhibit to POMS GN 00502.085, dated October 2019) where we could not; and from the Defense Department's table of the age of majority by state (May 2024). Some state code sites refuse visitors from outside the US; where a source is an archived copy of the official page, our sources list says so. The calculator at the top uses these rules. The age of majority is 18 years everywhere except Alabama and Nebraska (19 years) and Mississippi (21 years). SSA POMS GN 00502.085 · DoD FMR Vol. 7B, App. H
| State | Earliest age to ask a court | Other ways | Adult at | Law | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Over 18 (a parent usually files) | — | 19 | Ala. Code §§ 26-13-1, 26-1-1 (age 19) | Alabama Legislature |
| Alaska | 16 | — | 18 | AS 09.55.590 | Alaska Court System |
| Arizona | 16 | — | 18 | A.R.S. §§ 12-2451, 1-215 | Arizona Legislature |
| Arkansas | 16 for contracts and business only; 17 in a juvenile case | Marriage (case law) | 18 | Ark. Code §§ 9-26-104, 9-27-362 | SSA survey |
| California | 14 | Marriage or domestic partnership; active military duty | 18 | Cal. Fam. Code §§ 7002, 7120, 6500 | California Courts |
| Colorado | No statute we could confirm (SSA survey: 15) | Marriage; active military duty | 18 | C.R.S. § 19-1-103 (definition) | SSA survey · DoD table |
| Connecticut | 16 | Marriage; active military duty (grounds for the order) | 18 | Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 46b-150, 46b-150b, 1-1d | Connecticut General Assembly |
| Delaware | No court process | Marriage (case law) | 18 | 1 Del. C. § 701 | Delaware Code · SSA survey |
| District of Columbia | No court process | Court finding (case law) | 18 | D.C. Code § 46-101 | DC Council · SSA survey |
| Florida | 16 (your parent or guardian files) | Marriage | 18 | Fla. Stat. §§ 743.015, 743.01, 743.07 | Florida Senate |
| Georgia | 16 | Marriage; active military duty | 18 | O.C.G.A. §§ 15-11-720, 15-11-721 | SSA survey · McDuffie County packet |
| Hawaii | No court process | Marriage | 18 | HRS §§ 577-1, 577-25 | Hawaii Legislature · SSA survey |
| Idaho | No court process | Marriage (for contracts) | 18 | Idaho Code § 32-101 | Idaho Legislature · SSA survey |
| Illinois | 16 | — | 18 | 750 ILCS 30/3-2, 30/4; 755 ILCS 5/11-1 | SSA survey · Illinois General Assembly |
| Indiana | No court process | Marriage; active military duty (in a support case) | 18 | Ind. Code § 31-16-6-6 | Indiana DCS · DoD table |
| Iowa | 16 | Marriage | 18 | Iowa Code §§ 232C.1, 232C.4, 599.1 | Iowa Legislature |
| Kansas | Any age, for contracts and property only | Marriage at 16 or older (for contracts) | 18 | K.S.A. 38-101, 38-108, 38-109 | Kansas Revisor of Statutes |
| Kentucky | No court process | Parents' consent (case law) | 18 | KRS 2.015 | Kentucky Legislature · SSA survey |
| Louisiana | 16 | Marriage at 16 or 17; limited emancipation by authentic act | 18 | La. Civ. Code arts. 365-368, 29 | Louisiana Legislature |
| Maine | 16 | — | 18 | 15 M.R.S. § 3506-A; 1 M.R.S. § 72 | Maine Legislature |
| Maryland | No court process | Case law, sometimes for limited purposes | 18 | Md. Code, Gen. Prov. § 1-401 | Maryland General Assembly · SSA survey |
| Massachusetts | No court process | Court action (disfavored) | 18 | M.G.L. c. 231, § 85P | Massachusetts Legislature · SSA survey |
| Michigan | 16 | Active military duty; emancipation in another state | 18 | MCL 722.4, 722.4a, 722.52 | Michigan Legislature · SSA survey |
| Minnesota | No court process | Marriage (case law) | 18 | Minn. Stat. § 645.451 | Minnesota Revisor · SSA survey |
| Mississippi | No court process | Marriage; full-time military service (in a support case) | 21 | Miss. Code § 93-11-65(8) | SSA survey · DoD table |
| Missouri | No court process | Marriage; active military duty; self-support with consent | 18 | RSMo §§ 452.340, 431.055 | Missouri Revisor |
| Montana | 16 (limited emancipation) | — | 18 | MCA 41-1-501, 41-1-101 | Montana Legislature |
| Nebraska | 16 | — | 19 | Neb. Rev. Stat. § 43-4801 et seq. | Nebraska Judicial Branch |
| Nevada | 16 | — | 18 | NRS 129.080, 129.010 | Nevada Legislature |
| New Hampshire | No court process | Marriage; armed forces | 18 | RSA 21-B:1 | NH General Court · SSA survey |
| New Jersey | No court process | Court finding in a support case | 18 | N.J.S.A. 9:17B-3 | SSA survey · DoD table |
| New Mexico | 16 | Marriage; active military duty (from 16) | 18 | NMSA §§ 32A-21-3, 32A-21-4, 32A-21-7 | NM Courts |
| New York | No court process | Court finding in a support case | 18 | N.Y. Gen. Oblig. Law § 1-202; Fam. Ct. Act § 413 | NY Senate · SSA survey |
| North Carolina | 16 (after 6 months in the county) | Marriage | 18 | G.S. 7B-3500, 7B-3507, 7B-3509, 48A-2 | NC General Assembly |
| North Dakota | No court process | Marriage | 18 | N.D.C.C. § 14-10-01 | ND Legislature · SSA survey |
| Ohio | No court process | Marriage (case law) | 18 | Ohio Rev. Code § 3109.01 | Ohio Laws · SSA survey |
| Oklahoma | Any age, for contracts and business only | Marriage (case law) | 18 | 10 O.S. §§ 91-94 | SSA survey · DoD table |
| Oregon | 16 | Marriage | 18 | ORS 419B.552, 419B.558, 109.621, 109.625 | Oregon Legislature |
| Pennsylvania | No court process | Case by case | 18 | Case law | SSA survey · DoD table |
| Rhode Island | No court process | Family Court case | 18 | R.I. Gen. Laws § 15-12-1 | RI Legislature · SSA survey |
| South Carolina | No court process | Marriage; parent's agreement (case law) | 18 | S.C. Code § 15-1-320 | SC Legislature · SSA survey |
| South Dakota | 16 | Marriage; active military duty | 18 | SDCL 25-5-24, 25-5-26, 26-1-1 | SD Legislature |
| Tennessee | No minimum age in law | Marriage; parents' agreement | 18 | Case law | SSA survey · DoD table |
| Texas | 17, or 16 if you live apart | — | 18 | Tex. Fam. Code §§ 31.001, 31.004, 31.006; Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 129.001 | Texas Legislature |
| Utah | 16 | Marriage; military order | 18 | Utah Code §§ 80-7-103, 80-7-105, 15-2-1 | Utah State Courts · Utah Legislature |
| Vermont | 16 (after 3 months living apart) | Marriage before July 1, 2023; active military duty | 18 | 12 V.S.A. §§ 7151, 7155; 1 V.S.A. § 173 | Vermont Legislature |
| Virginia | 16 | Active military duty (a ground for the order) | 18 | Va. Code §§ 16.1-331, 16.1-333, 16.1-334, 1-204 | Virginia LIS |
| Washington | 16 | — | 18 | RCW 13.64.010, 26.28.010 | SSA survey · Washington Legislature |
| West Virginia | Over 16 | Marriage over 16 | 18 | W. Va. Code § 49-4-115 | WV Legislature · DoD table |
| Wisconsin | No court process | Marriage; enlisting (case law) | 18 | Wis. Stat. § 990.01(3) | Wisconsin Legislature · SSA survey |
| Wyoming | 17 | Marriage; military service | 18 | Wyo. Stat. §§ 14-1-201, 14-1-202, 14-1-203, 14-1-101 | Wyoming Legislature |
How to ask a court for emancipation, step by step
The steps are much the same everywhere. California's are below, with its official forms; the table above and the state notes in the calculator show where your state differs. California Courts
- Check that you qualify in your state. Use the calculator at the top for your age, and the table for your state's rule. In North Carolina you must also have lived in the same county for 6 months; in Vermont you must have lived apart for 3 months by the time of the order. Then ask the court clerk or self-help center which courthouse handles emancipation cases, whether there are local forms, and what the fee is.
- Talk to a trusted adult, and get free legal advice. California's courts tell teens to talk to a trusted adult and ask a lawyer questions. Alaska's courts say the step should not be taken without talking to a counselor or a lawyer. Your court's self-help center may review your forms, and legal aid is free if you qualify.
- Get your state's forms. In California: the Petition for Declaration of Emancipation of Minor (form EM-100), where you state that you are at least 14 years of age, live apart with your parents' consent and manage your own money, the Emancipation of Minor Income and Expense Declaration (form EM-115) and the Notice of Hearing (form EM-109), plus any local forms. Nebraska's courts publish a Petition for Judgment of Emancipation (form DC 6:16.3); Utah's and New Mexico's courts publish theirs on their self-help pages. Petitions in California and Georgia ask for your parents' names and addresses; Georgia's and Michigan's also ask for a certified copy of your birth certificate.
- Write your statement to the judge. Explain why you want to be emancipated, how and where you live, how you support yourself (and any children), and why it would be good for you. Attach proof such as a report card, bank statements and letters from your boss or landlord, with account numbers and your Social Security number blacked out. The builder below drafts it from your facts.
- File in your county, and pay the fee or ask for a waiver. You may have to pay a filing fee. California has a fee waiver, and Arizona's court may reduce or waive the fee for financial hardship.
- Tell your parents. Your parents or guardian get notice of the case. In California, if you can't find them or can't safely tell them, you explain why in your statement and ask the court's permission not to tell them. In Arizona the court mails notice by certified mail at least 60 days before the hearing, and a parent may object in writing within 30 days. In Nebraska you must serve notice within 6 months of filing, or the case is dismissed.
- Go to the hearing. In California, within 30 days of filing the judge grants the petition, denies it or sets a hearing. Arizona holds the hearing within 90 days of filing, and Wyoming within 60 days; Utah's courts schedule a hearing within 30 days. Bring your proof, and expect questions about money, school and your safety.
- Get certified copies and update your ID. In California you get the Declaration of Emancipation (form EM-130); certified copies cost $40 each unless you have a fee waiver, and you can show them to your boss, landlord, doctor or school. Form EM-140 tells the DMV. Oregon's judgment tells you to get an Oregon driver license or ID card showing you are emancipated.
“Tell me how you will pay for food and rent on your own.”
You can say: “I work at [job] and earn about [amount] a month. My rent is [amount], and my budget covers food, my phone and the bus. My pay stubs and bank statements are attached.”
“How will you finish school?”
You can say: “I am enrolled at [school], and my last report card is attached. My work hours leave time for classes and homework.”
“Why not stay with your parents until you turn 18?”
You can say: “I have lived on my own since [date], and my parents agree. Emancipation would let me sign my own lease and consent to my own medical care. I also looked at living with my aunt, and this is what works.”
“What will you do if you lose your job?”
You can say: “I have some savings, and I have talked with my school counselor about a backup plan for work and housing.”
Letter generator · 2 documents
Write your statement to the judge, or your parent's consent
Built from California's instructions for the written statement and Arizona's and Iowa's rule on a parent's notarized consent · checked Oct 22, 2026
Each rule comes from the official source linked in the result. It runs on your device: nothing you type is stored or sent. General information, not legal advice.
What a judge wants to see before granting it
A judge grants emancipation only when it is in your best interest, and the state laws spell out what that means in practice.
- A steady, legal income. Arizona asks for proof of employment or other means of support. Iowa says support from a government agency doesn't count, and Vermont excludes general assistance and Reach Up. Nevada and South Dakota require that your income not come from a crime. Find your state's minimum wage to check what you can earn.A.R.S. § 12-2451 · Iowa Code § 232C.1 · 12 V.S.A. § 7151 · SDCL 25-5-26
- A safe place to live, apart from your parents. Most laws require that you already live apart. Arizona and Iowa accept any one of three: 3 consecutive months living on your own, a statement why your parents' home is not a healthy or safe environment, or your parents' notarized consent. Vermont requires 3 months living apart. A lease makes you a tenant with tenant rights.A.R.S. § 12-2451 · Iowa Code § 232C.1 · 12 V.S.A. § 7151
- School. Vermont requires a high school diploma or passing grades in a court-approved program. Montana asks that you have graduated or keep pursuing graduation. Arizona, Iowa and Nebraska look for a commitment to education, vocational training or work.12 V.S.A. § 7151 · MCA 41-1-501 · Iowa Code § 232C.1
- Health care. Arizona's petition must say how you will obtain or maintain health care.A.R.S. § 12-2451
- Maturity, and the people around you. Oregon weighs whether a parent consents, whether you are living away from home and supporting yourself, and whether you are mature enough to manage without your parents. Utah's judge hears from a guardian ad litem and your parents and asks whether emancipation would put you at risk of harm. A Georgia petition names adults who know you and believe emancipation is best, such as a doctor, nurse, counselor, school counselor, teacher, member of the clergy, police officer or attorney.ORS 419B.558 · Utah State Courts · O.C.G.A. § 15-11-721
Checklist
Are you ready to ask a judge?
Tick each point you can already prove; each one links to where this page explains it.
Every point comes from this page and its official sources. Your ticks are not saved or sent anywhere. Not legal advice.
What emancipation changes, and what it does not
An emancipation order gives you most of an adult's legal powers. Virginia's list of effects is typical, and Connecticut's, Iowa's, New Mexico's and Utah's are close to it. Va. Code § 16.1-334 · Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-150d · Iowa Code § 232C.4 · NMSA § 32A-21-5 · Utah Code § 80-7-105
- Contracts, a lease and a home of your own. You can sign a binding contract (in Virginia, also a will), establish your own residence, and buy and sell property.Va. Code § 16.1-334 · NMSA § 32A-21-5
- Your own medical care. You can consent to medical, dental or psychiatric care without your parents' consent or knowledge.Va. Code § 16.1-334 · Iowa Code § 232C.4 · Utah Code § 80-7-105
- Your money, and your debts. You keep your own earnings and can borrow money, including for school. You are also responsible for what you owe, and you can sue and be sued in your own name.Utah Code § 80-7-105 · California Courts
- School and driving. You can enroll in any school or college without parental consent. In Virginia you can get a driver's license without a parent's consent; in Connecticut you are treated as over 18 for a driver's license.Va. Code § 16.1-334 · Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-150d
- Your parents' duties end. Your parents are no longer required to support you, have no right to your earnings, and are no longer liable for harm you cause. In North Carolina they are relieved of all legal duties to you.Va. Code § 16.1-334 · Iowa Code § 232C.4 · G.S. 7B-3507 · Wyo. Stat. § 14-1-202
What does not change. Laws that set an age for your protection or for privileges still apply. California Courts · Utah Code § 80-7-105 · Nebraska Judicial Branch · NRS 129.130
- You can vote only at 18, and buy alcohol only at 21. In Nevada a decree doesn't change the age-21 limits for alcohol or gaming.
- In Utah you still can't possess tobacco or firearms until the legal age; in Nebraska the age limits for gambling and tobacco stay the same.
- In California you still have to go to school, and someone who has sex with an emancipated minor can still be arrested for statutory rape unless they are married to each other.
- Criminal law depends on the state: Utah does not treat you as an adult under criminal law unless the rules for trying a minor as an adult are met, while Oregon and Wyoming do treat an emancipated minor as an adult under their criminal laws.
Does emancipation end child support?
Usually yes. Where a state has an emancipation law, the order ends your parents' duty to support you: Virginia, North Carolina, Iowa, West Virginia, Wyoming and New Mexico say so in the statute. Where a state has no such law, emancipation comes up mostly in child support cases, when a parent asks the court to stop paying because the child married, joined the military, or moved out and supports themselves.
- Missouri. Support ends when the child dies, marries, enters active duty in the military, or becomes self-supporting with the custodial parent's express or implied consent; otherwise at 18, or up to 21 while the child is in school.RSMo § 452.340
- Mississippi. Support ends at 21, or earlier when the child marries, joins the military full time, or gets a felony sentence of two years or more. A court may also find emancipation when a child under 21 moves out, lives on their own, works full time and leaves school.Miss. Code § 93-11-65(8) (SSA survey)
- Indiana. Support ends at 19. A court can emancipate a child earlier who is on active duty, has married, or is not under the care or control of either parent.Ind. Code § 31-16-6-6 · Indiana DCS
- New York and New Jersey. New York parents owe support to a child under 21, and New Jersey support usually ends at 19, unless a court finds the child emancipated earlier.N.Y. Fam. Ct. Act § 413 · DoD FMR Vol. 7B, App. H
When child support usually ends in each state, from the Defense Department's table (May 2024). It assumes the child has not been emancipated earlier by military service, marriage, a court decree or self-support, and support can also be extended for a child with a disability. DoD FMR Vol. 7B, App. H
| State | Adult at | Child support usually ends |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 19 | 19 (Alabama's age of majority) |
| Alaska | 18 | 18; by order, until high school or vocational training ends, no later than 19 |
| Arizona | 18 | 18; while in high school, no later than 19 |
| Arkansas | 18 | 18; if still in high school, until graduation or the end of the school year after 19 |
| California | 18 | 18; if in high school full time, until 12th grade ends or 19 |
| Colorado | 18 | 19; if in high school, until the month after graduation, no later than 21 |
| Connecticut | 18 | 18; if in high school full time, until 12th grade ends or 19 |
| Delaware | 18 | 18; if in high school, until graduation or 19 |
| District of Columbia | 18 | 21, unless the child is emancipated earlier |
| Florida | 18 | 18; 19 if still in high school |
| Georgia | 18 | 18; or high school graduation, no later than 20 |
| Hawaii | 18 | 18; may be extended while the child attends school full time |
| Idaho | 18 | 18; until high school ends or 19, whichever is sooner |
| Illinois | 18 | 18; if in high school, until graduation or 19 |
| Indiana | 18 | 19; may be extended on petition to finish secondary school |
| Iowa | 18 | 19 if in high school full time and expected to graduate or get a GED |
| Kansas | 18 | 18; if in high school, until June 30 of the school year the child turns 18 |
| Kentucky | 18 | 18; while in high school, no later than the end of the school year the child turns 19 |
| Louisiana | 18 | 18; 19 if still in high school |
| Maine | 18 | 18; 19 if still in high school |
| Maryland | 18 | 18; 19 if still in high school |
| Massachusetts | 18 | 18; may be extended to 21 or 23 in some cases |
| Michigan | 18 | 18; up to 19.5 if in high school full time |
| Minnesota | 18 | 18; or 20 if attending secondary school |
| Mississippi | 21 | 21, for an order issued by a Mississippi court |
| Missouri | 18 | 18; or until secondary school ends, no later than 21; to 21 in college or vocational school |
| Montana | 18 | 18; 19 if still in high school |
| Nebraska | 19 | 19; support ends if a child under 19 marries |
| Nevada | 18 | 18; 19 if still in high school |
| New Hampshire | 18 | 18, or high school graduation, whichever is later |
| New Jersey | 18 | 19, unless the child is emancipated earlier |
| New Mexico | 18 | 18; 19 if still in high school |
| New York | 18 | 21, unless the child is emancipated earlier |
| North Carolina | 18 | 18; up to 20 if still in high school |
| North Dakota | 18 | 18; until high school graduation or 19 |
| Ohio | 18 | 18; until high school graduation or 19 |
| Oklahoma | 18 | 18; if in high school, until graduation or 20 |
| Oregon | 18 | 18; up to 21 while attending school |
| Pennsylvania | 18 | 18, or high school graduation, whichever is later |
| Rhode Island | 18 | 18; until high school graduation or 19 |
| South Carolina | 18 | 18 and out of high school, or the end of the school year after 19 |
| South Dakota | 18 | 18; 19 if still in high school |
| Tennessee | 18 | 18 and graduated, or when the child's high school class graduates |
| Texas | 18 | 18, or high school graduation, whichever is later |
| Utah | 18 | 18, or graduation in the normal year, whichever is later |
| Vermont | 18 | 18, or the end of secondary school, whichever is later |
| Virginia | 18 | 18; until high school graduation or 19 |
| Washington | 18 | 18; while in high school full time and under 19 |
| West Virginia | 18 | 18; up to 20 if in secondary school or vocational training |
| Wisconsin | 18 | 18; 19 if still in high school |
| Wyoming | 18 | 18; up to 20 if in high school full time |
Safer options than emancipation
Emancipation puts every bill and every decision on you. California's courts suggest looking at other options first: counseling with your parents, help from a public or private agency, or living with another adult, like a family member or family friend. California Courts
- Live with a relative or family friend. California's courts suggest living with another adult, like a family member or family friend. If that adult needs legal authority to care for you, a court can appoint them your guardian.California Courts
- Counseling or mediation with your parents. Maine's court can send an emancipation case to mediation, and an agreement the family reaches there can be approved as a court order. Counseling with your parents is the first option California's courts list.15 M.R.S. § 3506-A
- Talk to a school counselor. A school counselor knows local programs and can help you find a safe place and a plan for school; in Georgia a school counselor is one of the adults an emancipation petition can name.O.C.G.A. § 15-11-721
- Free legal help. The Legal Services Corporation funds civil legal aid organizations in every state and DC. See find legal help for legal aid and lawyer referral near you.Legal Services Corporation
- Youth shelters and transitional living. Federally funded Runaway and Homeless Youth programs run street outreach, emergency shelters and longer-term transitional living and maternity group homes. The National Runaway Safeline offers free, confidential support around the clock.Family and Youth Services Bureau
If you are not safe at home
If you are not safe at home
- Call 911 if you or someone else is in immediate danger.
- Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline: 1-800-422-4453 (1.800.4-A-CHILD), 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, if you are being hurt or neglected, or think a child is.
- National Runaway Safeline: 1-800-786-2929, or text 66008. Free and confidential, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year, if you have run away or are thinking about it.
- You can report abuse or neglect to child protective services in your state; each state has trained professionals who look into reports.
Telling a judge why your parents' home is not safe is part of an emancipation petition in Arizona and Iowa, but a petition takes weeks or months. Get safe first; the court case can come later. Children's Bureau (HHS) · Child Welfare Information Gateway · A.R.S. § 12-2451
If an adult in your home is hurting you, a court can also order them to stay away. See restraining orders.
Worked examples
1. A 16-year-old in Arizona who has lived on her own since June. A.R.S. § 12-2451
- Born
- March 10, 2010She turned 16 on March 10, 2026, old enough to file in Arizona.
- On her own since
- June 1, 2026She reached 3 consecutive months living on her own on September 1, 2026, one of the three ways to qualify.
- Petition filed
- October 1, 2026With proof of her job, her rent and her school enrollment.
- Hearing no later than
- December 30, 2026Within 90 days of filing.
- Parents notified by
- October 31, 2026By certified mail, at least 60 days before a December 30 hearing. A parent can object in writing within 30 days after notice.
- Adult anyway
- March 10, 2028At 18, emancipation or not.
2. Texas: the same teen, living at home or apart. Tex. Fam. Code § 31.001
- Born
- August 1, 2010Self-supporting and managing his own money.
- Living with his parents
- August 1, 2027The earliest day he can file, at 17.
- Living apart from them
- August 1, 2026The earliest day he can file, at 16.
- Adult
- August 1, 2028At 18.
3. Alabama and Nebraska, where adulthood comes at 19. Ala. Code §§ 26-13-1, 26-1-1 · Nebraska Judicial Branch
- Alabama, born May 5, 2008
- May 5, 2026Over 18 from this day, so a parent can ask the juvenile court to relieve the disabilities of nonage. Adult on May 5, 2027, at 19.
- Nebraska, born May 5, 2008
- May 5, 2024At 16 she could petition the district court. Without a judgment she becomes an adult on May 5, 2027, at 19.
4. A 15-year-old in California. Cal. Fam. Code § 7120 · California Courts
- Born
- February 2, 2011He turned 14 on February 2, 2025, the minimum age in California.
- Files forms EM-100, EM-115, EM-109
- November 2, 2026Living apart with his parents' consent, with legal income.
- Decision or hearing date by
- December 2, 2026Within 30 days of filing.
- Certified copies
- $40 eachUnless he has a fee waiver. Form EM-140 tells the DMV.
- Adult anyway
- February 2, 2029At 18.
What to do next
| If… | What to do | Good to know |
|---|---|---|
| You are in danger at home | Call 911. Call Childhelp at 1-800-422-4453 or the National Runaway Safeline at 1-800-786-2929. | A petition takes too long to help in an emergency. See If you are not safe at home. |
| A relative or family friend can take you in | Talk with your parents and that adult about living there, and if needed a guardianship. | Your parents keep their duty to support you; you keep a safety net. |
| You already live apart, support yourself and keep up with school | Check your state's age in the calculator, get the forms, write your statement and talk to legal aid before you file. | The judge decides whether it is in your best interest; bring proof, not promises. |
| Your state has no emancipation law | Ask legal aid how courts in your state treat emancipation, and look at the safer options above. | Courts there decide it case by case, mostly in child support cases. |
| You are a parent and your teen wants to leave | Try counseling or mediation first. In Alaska, Connecticut, Montana and Virginia a parent may file too; in Florida only a parent or guardian can. | An order ends your custody and usually your duty of support. |
| You pay or receive child support for a teen who moved out | See child support and ask the court before you stop paying. | Each state has its own end age; see the support table. |
Getting help
Court self-help centers explain the forms for free, and legal aid can advise you if your income qualifies. A lawyer can also tell you whether a guardianship or another option fits your situation better.
Common questions
How can I move out of my parents' house at 16?
With your parents' agreement you can live elsewhere, for example with a relative or family friend, and they keep custody and their duty to support you. To be on your own legally, you need emancipation, which in most states requires that you already live apart and support yourself. If you are not safe at home, call the National Runaway Safeline at 1-800-786-2929.
What states allow emancipation of minors?
27 states set a minimum age for asking a court, from 14 in California to 16 in most states and 17 in Wyoming; Alabama allows it only over 18. Kansas and Oklahoma have a limited process with no minimum age. In the other states and DC there is no statute, and courts decide case by case. See the table.
What age can you get emancipated?
Usually 16. It is 14 in California, 17 in Wyoming, and in Texas 17, or 16 if you live apart from your parents. In Florida a parent or guardian can file for a minor of 16 or older. In Alabama a juvenile court can act only for a minor over 18, because adulthood there comes at 19.
What are the benefits of emancipation?
You can sign contracts and a lease, keep your own earnings, consent to your own medical care, and enroll in school without a parent. The costs come with it: your parents' duty to support you usually ends, and every bill and debt is yours.
Can I become an emancipated minor in New Jersey?
New Jersey has no emancipation statute. Courts presume a minor under 18 is not emancipated and decide case by case, mostly in child support cases, looking at things like marriage or joining the military. Child support there usually ends at 19. Talk to legal aid about your situation.
Can my parents emancipate me?
Not on their own in most states: a judge decides. Your parents' consent helps your case, and in Florida and Alabama a parent files the petition. In Alaska, Connecticut, Montana and Virginia a parent may also file. Louisiana lets a parent grant a limited emancipation by a notarized authentic act to a child of 16 or older.
What can an emancipated minor do and not do?
You can sign contracts, rent a home, keep your earnings, consent to medical care and enroll in school. You still can't vote before 18 or buy alcohol before 21, and other age limits, such as for tobacco, firearms and gambling, still apply. In California you must still go to school.
Does emancipation end child support?
Usually yes. Emancipation statutes in states such as Virginia, Iowa and North Carolina end the parents' duty of support, and in states without one a court can end support when the child marries, joins the military or becomes self-supporting. See Does emancipation end child support?.
How long does emancipation take?
Weeks to months. In California the judge must grant, deny or set a hearing within 30 days of filing. In Arizona the hearing is within 90 days, with notice to your parents at least 60 days before it, and in Wyoming within 60 days of filing.
How much does it cost to be emancipated?
The filing fee depends on your state and county, and courts have a fee waiver if you can't afford it: California, Arizona and Nebraska all do. In California, certified copies of the Declaration of Emancipation cost $40 each, free with a fee waiver. Legal aid is free if you qualify; see find legal help.
Official sources
- Social Security Administration: State Emancipation Law Survey Results, the exhibit to POMS GN 00502.085 (PDF of Oct 25, 2019) secure.ssa.gov
- SSA POMS GN 00502.085: an emancipated minor must prove emancipation under state law; points to the State Emancipation Law Survey (in effect since Aug 12, 2024) secure.ssa.gov
- Department of Defense Financial Management Regulation, Vol. 7B, Appendix H: Age of majority by state and US possessions, with the age child support ends (May 2024) comptroller.war.gov
- Children's Bureau (HHS): What should I do if I suspect child abuse or neglect? (call 911 in danger; Childhelp 1-800-422-4453) acf.gov
- Child Welfare Information Gateway (HHS): Find help with a personal situation (National Runaway Safeline 1-800-786-2929, text 66008) childwelfare.gov
- Family and Youth Services Bureau (HHS): Runaway and Homeless Youth programs, shelters and transitional living (updated Oct 21, 2026) acf.hhs.gov
- Legal Services Corporation: Get legal help (civil legal aid in every state and DC) lsc.gov
- Code of Alabama § 26-13-1: juvenile court may relieve minors over 18 of the disabilities of nonage alison.legislature.state.al.us
- Code of Alabama § 26-1-1: age of majority is 19; an 18-year-old may contract alison.legislature.state.al.us
- Alaska Court System, Self-Help Center: Emancipation (AS 09.55.590; age 16; five requirements) courts.alaska.gov
- A.R.S. § 12-2451: petition for emancipation at 16; hearing within 90 days; notice 60 days; objection 30 days azleg.gov
- A.R.S. § 1-215: "adult" and "age of majority" mean 18 azleg.gov
- California Courts Self-Help Guide: Emancipation in California (ages 14 to 17; what it means; other options) selfhelp.courts.ca.gov
- California Courts: How to get a Declaration of Emancipation (forms EM-100, EM-115, EM-109, EM-130, EM-140; 30 days; $40 certified copy) selfhelp.courts.ca.gov
- Judicial Council of California: form EM-100, Petition for Declaration of Emancipation of Minor (rev. Sep 1, 2018) courts.ca.gov
- Cal. Fam. Code § 7002: emancipated by marriage or domestic partnership, active duty, or a declaration leginfo.legislature.ca.gov
- Cal. Fam. Code § 6500: a minor is under 18 leginfo.legislature.ca.gov
- Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 46b-150 to 46b-150e: emancipation of minors (16; grounds; effects) cga.ct.gov
- Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-1d: age of majority is 18 cga.ct.gov
- 1 Del. C. § 701: age of majority 18 delcode.delaware.gov
- D.C. Code § 46-101: age of majority 18; child support rights unaffected code.dccouncil.gov
- Fla. Stat. § 743.015: removal of disabilities of nonage, 16 or older, on a parent's or guardian's petition flsenate.gov
- Fla. Stat. § 743.01: disabilities of married minors removed flsenate.gov
- Fla. Stat. § 743.07: rights of persons 18 or older flsenate.gov
- Juvenile Court of McDuffie County, Georgia: emancipation packet quoting O.C.G.A. § 15-11-721 thomson-mcduffie.gov
- HRS § 577-1: age of majority 18 capitol.hawaii.gov
- Idaho Code § 32-101: minors are under 18; a married minor can contract legislature.idaho.gov
- 755 ILCS 5/11-1: a minor is under 18 ilga.gov
- Indiana Department of Child Services, child support policy manual, section 8: Emancipation (Apr 6, 2022) in.gov
- Iowa Code § 232C.1: emancipation petition at 16 legis.iowa.gov
- Iowa Code chapter 232C: emancipation of minors (§ 232C.4 effects) legis.iowa.gov
- Iowa Code § 599.1: minority to 18; majority by marriage legis.iowa.gov
- K.S.A. 38-109: petition for the rights of majority ksrevisor.gov
- K.S.A. 38-101: period of minority 18; married at 16 or over ksrevisor.gov
- K.S.A. 38-108: district court may confer the rights of majority ksrevisor.gov
- KRS 2.015: age of majority 18 (version in effect July 15, 2026) apps.legislature.ky.gov
- La. Civ. Code art. 366: judicial emancipation at 16 (eff. Jan 1, 2009) legis.la.gov
- La. Civ. Code art. 365: three kinds of emancipation legis.la.gov
- La. Civ. Code art. 367: emancipation by marriage at 16 or 17 legis.la.gov
- La. Civ. Code art. 29: majority at 18 legis.la.gov
- 15 M.R.S. § 3506-A: emancipation petition at 16; mediation legislature.maine.gov
- 1 M.R.S. § 72: majority means 18 and over legislature.maine.gov
- Md. Code, General Provisions § 1-401: age of majority 18 mgaleg.maryland.gov
- M.G.L. c. 231, § 85P: full legal capacity at 18 malegislature.gov
- MCL 722.4: emancipation by operation of law or by petition (amended July 12, 2023) legislature.mi.gov
- MCL 722.4a: petition in the family division of circuit court legislature.mi.gov
- MCL 722.52: adult of legal age at 18 legislature.mi.gov
- Minn. Stat. § 645.451: minor under 18, adult 18 or older revisor.mn.gov
- RSMo § 452.340: when child support ends (marriage, active duty, self-support, 18, 21) revisor.mo.gov
- RSMo § 431.055: competent to contract at 18 revisor.mo.gov
- MCA 41-1-501: petition for limited emancipation at 16 mca.legmt.gov
- MCA 41-1-101: minors are under 18 mca.legmt.gov
- Nebraska Judicial Branch self-help: Emancipation (16 to 19; effects; forms; notice) nebraskajudicial.gov
- Nebraska form DC 6:16.3, Petition for Judgment of Emancipation (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 43-4801 et seq.) supremecourt.nebraska.gov
- NRS chapter 129: age of majority (129.010) and judicial emancipation at 16 (129.080 to 129.140) leg.state.nv.us
- RSA 21-B:1: majority at 18 gc.nh.gov
- New Mexico Second Judicial District Court: Emancipation of Minors Act, NMSA §§ 32A-21-1 to 32A-21-7 seconddistrict.nmcourts.gov
- New Mexico Courts: emancipation forms packet (petition, consent, declaration) nmcourts.gov
- N.Y. Gen. Oblig. Law § 1-202: a minor is under 18 nysenate.gov
- N.Y. Fam. Ct. Act § 413: parents support a child under 21 nysenate.gov
- N.C. Gen. Stat. Chapter 7B, Article 35: Emancipation (7B-3500 to 7B-3509) ncleg.gov
- N.C. Gen. Stat. § 48A-2: a minor is under 18 ncleg.gov
- N.D.C.C. § 14-10-01: minors are under 18 ndlegis.gov
- Ohio Rev. Code § 3109.01: full age at 18 codes.ohio.gov
- ORS 419B.550 to 419B.558: emancipation at 16 oregonlegislature.gov
- ORS 109.621 and 109.625 (renumbered in 2025): majority at 18, or on marriage oregonlegislature.gov
- R.I. Gen. Laws § 15-12-1: full legal age at 18 webserver.rilegislature.gov
- S.C. Code § 15-1-320: minors are under 18 scstatehouse.gov
- SDCL 25-5-26: petition for emancipation at 16 sdlegislature.gov
- SDCL 25-5-24: emancipated minor defined (marriage, active duty, declaration) sdlegislature.gov
- SDCL 26-1-1: minors are under 18 sdlegislature.gov
- Tex. Fam. Code chapter 31: removal of disabilities of minority (17, or 16 living apart) tcss.legis.texas.gov
- Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 129.001: age of majority 18 tcss.legis.texas.gov
- Tex. Fam. Code § 1.104: a married person of any age has an adult's capacity tcss.legis.texas.gov
- Utah State Courts: Emancipation (marriage, military order, court order at 16; effects; forms) utcourts.gov
- Utah Code § 80-7-103: petition for emancipation at 16 (eff. Sep 1, 2021) le.utah.gov
- Utah Code § 80-7-105: effect of emancipation (amended 2025) le.utah.gov
- Utah Code § 15-2-1: minority to 18; majority by marriage le.utah.gov
- 12 V.S.A. §§ 7151 to 7156: emancipation of minors (16; 3 months apart; amended Jul 1, 2023) legislature.vermont.gov
- 1 V.S.A. § 173: of age at 18 legislature.vermont.gov
- Va. Code § 16.1-331: petition for emancipation at 16 law.lis.virginia.gov
- Va. Code § 16.1-333: findings for emancipation (amended 2024) law.lis.virginia.gov
- Va. Code § 16.1-334: effects of an emancipation order law.lis.virginia.gov
- Va. Code § 1-204: age of majority 18 law.lis.virginia.gov
- RCW 26.28.010: age of majority 18 app.leg.wa.gov
- W. Va. Code § 49-4-115: emancipation over 16; marriage code.wvlegislature.gov
- Wis. Stat. § 990.01(3): adult means 18 docs.legis.wisconsin.gov
- Wyo. Stat. title 14: §§ 14-1-101 (majority 18) and 14-1-201 to 14-1-206 (emancipation at 17) wyoleg.gov
Related
This page explains the law in general terms. It is not legal advice about your situation. Justice is not a law firm and is not affiliated with any court or government agency.